A primary paper analysed the patterns of egg manufacturing and of egg commerce within the MEA area. This paper will concentrate on poultry meat manufacturing and poultry meat commerce.
Hans-Wilhelm Windhorst – The writer is Professor emeritus of the College of Vechta and visiting professor on the College of Veterinary Medication Hannover, Germany
In 2020, 453 million folks lived within the 17 MEA international locations, 5.7% of the worldwide inhabitants. They shared 6.4 % in world poultry meat manufacturing and 6.9% in rooster meat manufacturing. Their function in world poultry meat commerce differed. In 2020, they shared 12.1% in world rooster meat imports and contributed 4.8% to rooster meat exports. Commerce with different poultry meat species was negligible. The precise climatic state of affairs, which limits the manufacturing of poultry feed, explains their outstanding function in rooster meat imports. The extraordinary function of poultry meat within the vitamin of the MEA international locations outcomes from the shortage of spiritual limitations concerning the consumption of this meat kind.
Rooster meat dominated poultry meat manufacturing
Rooster meat dominated poultry meat manufacturing within the MEA area in 2020, sharing 96.5% within the total manufacturing (Desk 1). The opposite meat sorts reached solely comparatively small volumes. Whereas Egypt ranked in first place in duck and goose meat manufacturing, Israel and Turkey collectively produced over 80% of the turkey meat. Due to the dominance of rooster meat, the next evaluation will concentrate on this meat kind.
Excessive regional focus in rooster meat manufacturing
In 2020, the 17 MEA international locations produced 8.2 mill. t of rooster meat (primarily broiler meat). The ten main international locations 98.1%. Determine 1 paperwork the excessive regional focus. Iran and Turkey collectively contributed 53.0% to the entire manufacturing quantity, the 4 main international locations 80.3%. The rating of the three main international locations displays that of the inhabitants. Israel, solely quantity 9 concerning inhabitants, ranks in fifth place. The nation clearly tries to be self-sufficient and to fulfill the demand by home manufacturing due to its political and financial isolation. Israel had the very best per capita poultry meat consumption with over 60 kg/12 months worldwide in 2020.
Excessive regional focus additionally in rooster meat commerce
Apart from Turkey and Iran, the MEA international locations weren’t capable of meet the rising demand by home manufacturing. Determine 2 reveals the distinctive function of Turkey. The nation shared 75.4% within the total export quantity; Iran contributed 7.2%. The United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia and Oman exported a few of their imports to adjoining Islamic international locations because the detailed evaluation of the commerce flows will doc. It’s price noting that Turkey not solely ranked in first place in poultry meat but additionally in egg exports. Over the previous twenty years, a extremely environment friendly poultry business has developed on this nation, which has been capable of acquire a powerful place within the world commerce with these two gadgets. If will probably be capable of preserve this place, will rely on the longer term financial growth and the devaluation of the Turkish Lira.
As anticipated, the regional focus in rooster meat imports was decrease than in exports as a lot of the MEA international locations needed to import to fulfill the repeatedly growing demand. However, the focus was remarkably excessive. The three main international locations collectively shared over two thirds within the total imports of the area (Determine 3). 
Saudi Arabia ranked in an unchallenged first place, adopted by the United Arab Emirates and Iraq. The extraordinary function which poultry meat performs within the vitamin of Saudi Arabia’s inhabitants is mirrored within the per capita consumption of over 40 kg/12 months. As talked about earlier than, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Oman exported a few of their imports to different Islamic international locations within the MEA area (Desk 2).
Patterns of commerce flows
For chosen international locations, patterns of rooster meat exports and imports will likely be analysed.
In 2020, Turkey ranked in fifth place among the many main rooster meat exporting international locations with a share of three.6% within the world export quantity. Rooster meat was exported to 100 international locations; the regional focus was nevertheless very excessive as Determine 4 paperwork. With a share of 53.8%, Iraq was the main nation of vacation spot, adopted by Hong Kong, Libya and Congo. The composition and rating of the international locations displays the likelihood to deep freeze rooster meat and, in distinction to shell eggs, to move it over lengthy distances. 
The United Arab Emirates ranked in second place concerning rooster meat exports by MEA area international locations (Desk 2). The home manufacturing was solely as excessive as 52,200 t. To satisfy the demand of the inhabitants, nearly 475,000 t of rooster meat had been imported, in order that 527,200 t had been obtainable for consumption. Clearly, an oversupply occurred, which resulted in an export of 62,200 t to Yemen, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait.
Desk 2 paperwork that in 2020 the import quantity was about 1.5 mill. t greater than the export quantity. The spatial patterns of the imports will likely be analysed intimately for chosen international locations to doc similarities and variations. Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates collectively imported nearly 1.1 mill. t of rooster meat in 2020. Determine 5 reveals the remarkably excessive focus of Saudi Arabia’s imports. 
The 5 main international locations of origin contributed 97.3% to the general imports, Brazil alone 71.8%. The extraordinary function of Brazil isn’t a surprise as it’s the main rooster meat exporting nation. It’s shocking, nevertheless, that the USA didn’t export comparable portions to Saudi Arabia. One cause could be the aftermath of the Avian Influenza outbreaks within the USA in 2015, which stopped exports to over 30 international locations. Another excuse is that the shoppers on the Arab Peninsula choose complete broilers with a mean weight between 0.8 and 1 kg as a meal. Whereas Brazil and France supply this product, the USA primarily exported reduce up elements, which aren’t very enticing for the shoppers (Windhorst 2019, 2021).
The import sample of the United Arab Emirates is sort of equivalent with that of Saudi Arabia. The one distinction is the upper contribution of the USA (Determine 6). The composition of the inhabitants within the Emirates differs significantly from that of Saudi Arabia. The share of non-Arabic inhabitants is remarkably excessive. Main worldwide firms and banks have their headquarters or branches in Dubai and Abu Dhabi. As well as, tourism performs an essential function, attracting guests from all around the world. Excessive-class inns and eating places adapt to this case and supply poultry meals, that are much like these in Europe or North America. Lower up elements are the idea for these meals.
Qatar’s import sample is sort of equivalent with that of the United Arab Emirates. In 2020, Brazil shared 60.9% within the imports, the USA 20.5%. Kuwait imported over 104,000 t of broiler meat from Brazil, 80.3% of the general import quantity.
A comparability of the commerce flows in poultry meat imports reveals that Brazil was the main nation of origin for all international locations on the Arab Peninsula. The USA, quantity two in world broiler meat exports, gained greater market shares solely within the United Arab Emirates, which, primarily based on the precise composition of the inhabitants and its worldwide financial relations, imported appreciable quantities of reduce up elements to fulfill the patron demand.
Abstract and views
The previous paper may doc that poultry meat manufacturing and commerce play an essential function within the MEA area. The shortage of spiritual limitations makes poultry meat essentially the most enticing meat kind in vitamin. The regional focus in manufacturing in addition to in commerce was very excessive. In rooster meat manufacturing (nearly solely broiler meat), the 4 main international locations shared over 80% within the manufacturing quantity in 2020. Iran and Turkey produced over two mill. t every. Apart from Turkey and Iran, all different MEA international locations needed to import rooster meat to fulfill the rising demand. Brazil was the main nation of origin for the imports of all international locations. The USA may acquire greater market shares solely within the United Arab Emirates. The rising inhabitants and a better buying energy will lead to a continuously growing demand. Because the enlargement of poultry meat manufacturing within the MEA area is restricted, rooster meat imports will enhance. If and when cell cultured broiler meat will acquire greater market shares is a nonetheless open query regardless of the outstanding growth in Israel and initiatives in Qatar.
Knowledge sources and options for additional studying
FAO database: https://www.fao.org/faostat.
Windhorst, H.-W.: Brazil and USA: Ongoing competitors on the worldwide rooster meat market. In: Zootecnica worldwide 41 (2019), no. 6, p. 16-19.
Windhorst, H.-W.: Brasilien – ein Gigant der globalen Fleischerzeugung und im Fleischhandel. Teil 2: Mit Geflügel an der Spitze. In: Fleischwirtschaft 101 (2021), Nr. 8, S. 28-33.
